Everything about The National Bank Act totally explained
The
National Bank Act (ch. 58, 12 Stat. 665,
February 25 1863) was a
United States federal law that established a system of national charters for
banks. It encouraged development of a national
currency based on bank holdings of U.S.
Treasury securities. It also established the
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) as part of the
Department of the Treasury. This was to establish a national security holding body for the existence of the monetary policy of the state. The Act, together with
Abraham Lincoln's issuance of "
greenbacks," raised money for the federal government in the
American Civil War by enticing banks to buy federal
bonds and taxed state bonds out of existence. The law proved defective and was replaced by the
National Bank Act of 1864. The money was used to fund the Union army in the fight against the Confederacy. This authorized the OCC to examine and regulate nationally-chartered banks.
A later act, passed on
March 3,
1865, imposed a tax of 10% on the notes of State banks to take effect on
July 1,
1866. The tax effectively forced all non-federal
currency from
circulation and increased the number of
national banks to 1,644 by October 1866.
The next major changes to bank regulation in the
United States appeared in 1908 with the enactment of the
Aldrich-Vreeland Act.
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